Understanding the Product Lifecycle
Many CFOs in the U.S. industrial product sector are worried about factors that could harm their businesses. For companies in the manufacturing industry that create and produce goods, understanding the product lifecycle and learning how to handle crises, like the pandemic, is key to longevity and success.
A product lifecycle covers the journey of the product from launch in the market until exit from the market. The traditional product lifecycle involves six stages: market development, market introduction, market growth, market maturity, market saturation, and market decline. Manufacturers should have a working knowledge of each stage of the product lifecycle. Let’s review.
Concept and Product Design
The first stage of the product lifecycle is basically concept and design. This stage lays the groundwork for your product by identifying market gaps and designing to satisfy the needs of customers. Allow us to dissect it:
Competitor Analysis and Market Research
To know what consumers desire and to spot market gaps, you need strong market research. Understanding what competitors provide may help you to identify opportunities for uniqueness. This insight will help you develop a product that really appeals to your market.
Defining Product Specifications and Design
Clearly state the features of your product or service. Make a detailed preliminary design including all the necessary characteristics and purposes. This stage guarantees that every member of your team shares the same vision from the start and fits into the overall method of product development.
Engineer and Product Designer Involvement
Involvement your engineers and designers early in the process. Their knowledge ensures your product is not only sensible but also creative and realistic. Early cooperation catches possible problems before they become problems, so saving time and money.
Example
A company developing a new electric bicycle identifies a market gap for a model combining long battery life with sleek design and advanced features through thorough market research and competitor analysis. They define product specifications, including a lightweight frame and built-in GPS, and involve designers and engineers early to ensure feasibility and practicality.
Market Development Stage
A new product is being introduced for sale at the market development stage. Usually at this stage there is limited demand, therefore the priority is to raise consumer interest.
Innovative and Practical Design
Show the unique and innovative quality of what you are selling. Make sure it draws in and retains consumers by solving actual consumer issues. More often than not, a practical solution will draw ongoing attention.
Impact and Detailed Planning
Think about how your new product will influence the market for existing products. Create the required tools for manufacturing and draft detailed blueprints. This stage guarantees effective manufacturing and facilitates the design of marketing campaigns, inventories, and production line.
Validation and Refinement
Review and validate the design, create prototypes, and do pilot tests. Use feedback on these pilot tests to improve your product design, thereby refining it to satisfy consumer expectations and preparing it for mass production.
Example
To produce a new smartphone with innovative features, a tech business funds R&D projects. They create prototypes, test functionality, and plan the product introduction in this stage. This stage is crucial for mass production preparation and design improvement.
Market Introduction
Companies introduce new products to consumers in the market introduction stage. To increase awareness, they invest in marketing and advertising. This phase comprises final design changes, scaling up manufacturing, and follows a strong launch plan for good market penetration. Though at first low, the product starts to gain popularity with time.
Final Adjustments and Mass Production Setup
Make any last adjustments to the product design and set up mass manufacturing before launching. This ensures that the product is ready for a smooth introduction. Proper setup lowers the possibility of production problems that can cause the launch delay.
Launch Strategies and Initial Market Introduction
Develop and implement a launch strategy to introduce the product to the market. This includes targeted marketing efforts to build awareness and interest among potential customers. A well-executed strategy can significantly boost initial sales and product visibility.
Monitoring Performance and Gathering Feedback
After the product is introduced, keep an eye on its performance and compile feedback from customers consistently. This verifies the product meets consumer expectations and flags areas that need work. Frequent monitoring helps you make fast changes to improve the success of products.
Example
Officially launching the smartphone, the same tech company first offers it in a small market for testing and comments. Early adopters’ awareness and growing interest is the main focus of marketing activities. This focused strategy creates momentum and opens the path for more general market acceptance.
Market Growth Stage
Demand for a successful product rises exponentially as buyers express growing interest at the stage of market growth, sometimes called as the takeoff stage. Companies use methods in this phase to help stand out with brand identity or product quality while growing market reach to keep ahead.
Leveraging the “Used Apple Policy”
Rivals could begin manufacturing knockoffs or better iterations of your goods. Constant innovation and improvement of your goods will help you to keep ahead and appeal intact.
Standing Apart
Differentiate your company with outstanding brand recognition or high quality of products. This distinguishes your product from rivals and promotes consumer loyalty.
Expanding Market Reach
Look at other markets or segments to broaden your customer base. To drive further growth, this may involve focusing on other groups or entering new geographic areas.
Should success follow, the product moves onto the expansion phase. Demand increases; production picks up speed; availability grows. Sales increase.
Example
Demand for the smartphone rises as good evaluations get out there. The business increases manufacturing and broadens distribution. Rapid sales attract attention from rivals, which motivates them to create related products.
Market Maturity Stage
Consumer demand strikes balance in the stage of market maturity. This is the case when target markets regularly buy the intended products. Experienced businesses concentrate on differentiating themselves in this phase by providing specialized solutions, excellent customer service, and comprehensive warranties. For in-store promotions and good shelf space agreements, producers maintain relationships with distribution channels.
At this point, sales stabilize and peak. Although competition intensifies, the product remains profitable. Extending the maturity phase involves strategic actions to prolong a product’s life cycle. Here are some effective approaches:
Product and Market Expansion
Add complementary products or variations to a product, from cellphones to accessories like chargers and cases. To reach global consumers or niche markets, also explore other markets or geographies, therefore boosting sales.
Product Improvements and Pricing Strategies
Continuously enhance the product by adding features, improving quality, or addressing customer pain points. Adjust pricing to stay competitive, considering options like discounts, bundling, or loyalty programs.
Promotion, Advertising, and After-Sales Services
Reinforce brand awareness with targeted marketing campaigns that highlight the product’s benefits and unique selling points. To inspire repeat business, offer excellent customer support including warranties, customer service, and repairs.
Example
When the smartphone reaches maturity, sales level out and the market is saturated. The company focuses on maintaining market share, raising client loyalty, and streamlining manufacturing effectiveness.
Remember that every industry and product differs so customizing these approaches to certain situations is important.
Market Saturation
Competing brands present similar products in the stage of market saturation, which causes slowdown of growth. Businesses might combat this by expanding their product range, investigating new markets, and improving consumer involvement.
Product Line Diversification and Improvement
Add fresh, complementary products to your line-of-business. Add new features or improve quality to keep old products constantly fresh and improved. This strategy keeps your products desirable and competitive by opening other income sources and satisfying various consumer wants.
New Market Exploration
To increase your clientele, target underused sectors or foreign marketplaces. Entering new geographical areas guarantees the product reaches a larger audience and keeps momentum by offering fresh possibilities and driving development.
Enhancing Customer Engagement
Create closer bonds with your clients by means of tailored events and interactions. Stronger consumer satisfaction and loyalty follow from more participation. This guarantees long-term success and helps separate your brand in a saturated market.
Example
The market enters saturation as rival brands bring comparable cellphones, which slows down development. Companies may thus diversify their product lines, investigate new markets, and improve customer involvement in response to extend the mature phase and keep profitability.
Market Decline Stage
Consumers lose interest in a product in the stage of market decline, thus affecting sales. Often left with less producers in the market by overcapacity and market saturation, mergers or other survival tactics are under consideration by companies.
Phasing Out or Discounting Products
Companies may discontinue the older product model or offer it at a lower cost to clear inventory when sales fall. This helps create space for new product lines and aid in reducing losses.
Exploring Merger and Acquisition Opportunities
Companies seeking survival in a declining market could suggest mergers or acquisitions to help to combine resources. Furthermore, giving access to new technology and markets is this approach.
Focusing on Niche Markets or Specialized Uses
Point up niche markets or specialized uses for the underperforming product. By focusing on strategic markets, the lifetime of the product may be increased and profitability kept.
Example
Sales of the previous model drop as a newer smartphone model with sophisticated capabilities is launched. To free inventory and create room for new products, the corporation could decide to drop the older model or offer it at a lower price.